Mikhail Glinka (1804-1856)

GLINKA, Mikhail Ivanovich (b. 20 May [1 June] 1804, the village Novospasskoye, in today’s Yelninsky region of the Smolensk district; d. 3 [15] February 1857, Berlin) — founder of Russian national classical music; after the success of his opera A Life for the Tsar in 1837 was appointed personally by Emperor Nicholas I to the post of kapellmeister at the Imperial Court Chapel. Worked primarily at raising the musical education of the Chapel’s singers and recruiting of new singers. Conﬂicts with Director A. F. Lvov and dissatisfaction with the position of a court functionary led to his departure from this post after two years of service. After this Glinka did not work in the ﬁeld of church music until the middle of the 1850s when, becoming interested in Western polyphony of the Renaissance, he went to Berlin to study counterpoint with the musical theorist Siegfried Dehn. Glinka hoped to “fuse the Western fugue with the needs of our [i.e. Russian] music” and thereby, to “lay at least a path to our church music,” by creating an original system of Russian counterpoint; however, he was not destined to fulﬁll this ambition. Glinka composed three sacred musical works — a freely composed Cherubic Hymn in 1837, a Great Litany for male chorus, and an arrangement for trio and chorus of the Greek Chant setting of “Da ispravitsia molitva moya” [“Let my prayer arise”]. The ﬁrst is written in the style of Pales-trinian counterpoint, but uses 19th-c. harmonic language; the other two works are written in the so-called “strict style” of harmony, which employs only consonant triads.